MOLECULE

Astragalin

Kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside also known as astragalin, is a kaempferol O-glucoside in which the glucosyl residue is attached at position 3 of kaempferol via a beta-glycosidic linkage. Astragalin has been isolated from many different plants and plant families including members of the Fabaceae, Convolvulaceae, Ebenaceae, Rosaceae and Eucommiaceae families. This compound is well known for its diverse pharmacological applications such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antiobesity, antiosteoporotic, anticancer, antiulcer, and antidiabetic properties (PMID: 29853868). It appears to carry out these activities by the regulation and modulation of various molecular targets such as transcription factors (NF-κB, TNF-α, and TGF-β1), enzymes (iNOS, COX-2, PGE2, MMP-1, MMP-3, MIP-1α, COX-2, PGE-2, HK2, AChe, SOD, DRP-1, DDH, PLCŒ≥1, and GPX), kinases (JNK, MAPK, Akt, ERK, SAPK, IκBα, PI3K, and PKCβ2), cell adhesion proteins (E-cadherin, vimentin PAR-2, and NCam), apoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins (Beclin-1, Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-xL, cytochrome c, LC3A/B, caspase-3, caspase-9, procaspase-3, procaspase-8, and IgE), and inflammatory cytokines (SOCS-3, SOCS-5, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, MCP-1, CXCL-1, CXCL-2, and IFN-γ) (PMID: 29853868). Astragalin was first identified in cold-pressed cannabis seed oil in 2016. (PMID: 27076277).