THE OPEN BIOCHEMICAL GRAPH

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chemical

(-)-Limonene

d-Limonene, also known as dipentene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. Thus, D-limonene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. d-Limonene is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. (-)-Limonene is expected to be in Cannabis as all living plants are known to produce and metabolize it.

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chemical

beta-Myrcene

Œ≤-Myrcene or myrcene is an acyclic monoterpene. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. The biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-eritritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids. Œ≤-Myrcene is a significant component of the essential oil of several plants, including allspice, bay, cannabis, hops, houttuynia, lemon grass, mango, myrcia, verbena, west indian bay tree, and cardamom. It is also the main component of wild thyme, the leaves of which contain up to 40% by weight of myrcene. Industrially, it is produced mainly semi-synthetically from myrcia, from which it gets its name. Myrcene has been detected as a volatile component in cannabis plant samples (PMID: 26657499) and its essential oils (PMID: 6991645). Œ≤-Myrcene is the most abundant monoterpene in Cannabis and it has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, and antimutagenic activities. Œ≤-Myrcene is also found in cannabis smoke and is volatilized during the combustion of cannabis (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-947-9_2). Œ≤-Myrcene is a flavouring agent and it is used in the perfumery industry. It has a pleasant odor but is rarely used directly. It is a key intermediate in the production of several fragrances such as menthol, citral, citronellol, citronellal, geraniol, nerol, and linalool.

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chemical

(-)-α-Pinene

(-)-alpha-Pinene, also known as (1S,5S)-α-pinene or (±)-2-pinene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other (-)-alpha-Pinene is possibly neutral (-)-alpha-Pinene is a potentially toxic compound. (-)-α-Pinene is expected to be in Cannabis as all living plants are known to produce and metabolize it.

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terpene

linalool

Terpene analyte represented in the Terpedia cannabis laboratory dataset.

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essential_oil_compound

beta- caryophyllene

Essential-oil constituent indexed by EssOilDB.

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terpene

terpinolene

Terpene analyte represented in the Terpedia cannabis laboratory dataset.

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chemical

Humulene

alpha-humulene also known as Humulene or alpha-caryophyllene is a volatile organic compound that belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes that contain 15 carbon atoms and are comprised of three isoprene units. The biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes is known to occur mainly through the mevalonic acid pathway (MVA; PMID:17467679), in the cytosol. However, recent studies have found evidence of pathway crosstalk with the methyl-eritritol-phosphate (MEP; PMID:23746261) pathway in the cytoplasm. Farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic sesquiterpenes. FPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. Humulene is is a pale yellowish green clear liquid, soluble in alcohol that is barely soluble in water. It has a woody odor and adds a woody, oceanic-watery, spicy-clove note to perfumes ( http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1027221.html#tooccur). It contributes to the characteristic aroma of¬†Cannabis¬†(PMID: 6991645) and to the taste of the spice¬†Persicaria odorata¬†or¬†Vietnamese coriander. Humulene is found in hops (Humulus lupulus; doi:10.1055/s-2006-962205), from which its name was derived. It is often found together with its isomer beta-caryophyllene in many other aromatic plants such pine trees ( PMID: 17396639),¬†orange trees,¬†marsh elders,¬†tobacco,¬† sunflowers,¬†Salvia officinalis¬†(common sage, culinary sage),¬†Lindera strychnifolia¬†Uyaku (Japanese spicebush, ginseng¬†species and the Zingiberaceae (the ginger family). alpha-Humulene is also a constituent of cannabis smoke and is volatilized during the combustion of cannabis (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-947-9_2). alpha-humulene, a very reactive volatile organic compound emitted by many organic plants, quickly combines with ozone in sunlight (photooxidation) to create secondary organic aerosols ( oi:10.1039/c0cp02379e). alpha-humulene has antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties against Bacteroides fragilis (PMID: 32073898) and demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in an ovalbumin-induced model of airway allergic inflammation (PMID: 19438512).¬†

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terpene

Ocimene

Terpene analyte represented in the Terpedia cannabis laboratory dataset.

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wikidata_entity

terpineol

Wikidata entity Q420786.

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essential_oil_compound

camphor

Essential-oil constituent indexed by EssOilDB.

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wikidata_entity

citral

Wikidata entity Q60176530.

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terpene

geraniol

Terpene analyte represented in the Terpedia cannabis laboratory dataset.

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Featured entities

(-)-Limonene

beta-Myrcene

(-)-α-Pinene

linalool

beta- caryophyllene

terpinolene

Humulene

Ocimene

terpineol

camphor

citral

geraniol

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