MOLECULE

Grossamide

Grossamide, also known as (+-)-grossamide or tribulusamide A, is a lignanamide. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as lignans, neolignans and related compounds. Lignanamides are plant products of low molecular weight formed primarily from oxidative coupling of two p-propylphenol moieties. They can be attached in various manners, like C5-C5', C8-C8'. Most known natural lignans are oxidized at C9 and C9√Ǭ¥ and, based upon the way in which oxygen is incorporated into the skeleton and on the cyclization patterns, a wide range of lignans of very different structural types can be formed. Grossamide is a naturally occuring organic compound and one of several lignanamides found in cannabis plants and has been isolated from the herbal plant hemp seed (fructus cannabis, the dried fruit of Cannabis sativa) (PMID: 26585089). Grossamide is also found within a few different foods, such as yellow bell peppers, red bell peppers, and pepper (Capsicum annuum) and in a lower concentration in orange bell peppers and green bell peppers. Grossamide has also been detected, but not quantified in herbs and spices and italian sweet red peppers. This could make grossamide a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Grossamide exhibits anti-inÔ¨Çammatory and anti-neuroinflammatory activity and suppresses TLR-4 mediated NF-kappaB signalling pathways (PMID: 28224333). It has been found to significantly inhibit the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in cell culture (PMID: 28224333).